Tuesday, June 27, 2017





An astronomical cannibal up close: Incredible image of Betelgeuse 'killer' star 1,400 times larger than our Sun


  • Around eight million years old, it is nearing the end of its life and heading towards a supernova explosion 
  • When that happens, the resulting explosion will be visible from Earth, even in broad daylight 



At first glance is may look like a random orange blob, but in fact a historic image revealing one of the biggest stars ever seen.
It shows Betelgeuse, one of the largest stars known to astronomers, with a radius about 1,400 times larger than that of the Sun. 
It is a red supergiant on the verge of becoming a supernova, and astronomers have studied it to unlock the secrets of red supergiants.

This orange blob shows the nearby star Betelgeuse, as seen by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Betelgeuse is one of the largest stars currently known, with a radius around 1400 times larger than the Sun's. The star is just about eight million years old, but is already on the verge of becoming a supernova. When that happens, the resulting explosion will be visible from Earth, even in broad daylight.
This orange blob shows the nearby star Betelgeuse, as seen by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Betelgeuse is one of the largest stars currently known, with a radius around 1400 times larger than the Sun's. The star is just about eight million years old, but is already on the verge of becoming a supernova. When that happens, the resulting explosion will be visible from Earth, even in broad daylight.

WHAT IS BETELGEUSE? 

The ninth brightest star in the sky, Betelgeuse has a mass between 15 and 25 times the size of our sun.
The second brightest star in the Orion constellation, it sits on the hunter’s shoulder.
Around eight million years old, it is nearing the end of its life and heading towards a supernova explosion.
When that happens, the resulting explosion will be visible from Earth, even in broad daylight. 
It sits around 640-light years from our sun.
Latest studies suggest it devoured a start the size of the sun some 100,000 years ago.  The new image shows the nearby star Betelgeuse, as seen by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
'It is the first time that ALMA has ever observed the surface of a star and this first attempt has resulted in the highest-resolution image of Betelgeuse available,' the Euoprean Space Observatory said. 
About 600 light-years away in the constellation of Orion (The Hunter), the red supergiant burns brightly, causing it to have only a short life expectancy. 
The star is just about eight million years old, but is already on the verge of becoming a supernova. 
When that happens, the resulting explosion will be visible from Earth, even in broad daylight.
The star has been observed in many other wavelengths, particularly in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet. 
Using ESO’s Very Large Telescope astronomers discovered a vast plume of gas almost as large as our Solar System. 
Astronomers have also found a gigantic bubble that boils away on Betelgeuse’s surface. 
These features help to explain how the star is shedding gas and dust at tremendous rates. 
In this picture, ALMA observes the hot gas of the lower chromosphere of Betelgeuse at sub-millimeter wavelengths — where localised increased temperatures explain why it is not symmetric. 
Scientifically, ALMA can help us to understand the extended atmospheres of these hot, blazing stars. 
A giant red star called Betelgeuse could have devoured a neighbour bigger than our own sun.
The smaller star is believed to have been rotating faster than Betelgeuse when it was eaten, causing the larger body to speed up much.
This image, made with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), shows the red supergiant Betelgeuse one of the largest stars known. In the millimeter continuum the star is around 1400 times larger than our Sun. The overlaid annotation shows how large the star is compared to the Solar System. Betelgeuse would engulf all four terrestrial planets  Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, and even the gas giant Jupiter. Only Saturn would be beyond its surface
This image, made with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), shows the red supergiant Betelgeuse one of the largest stars known. In the millimeter continuum the star is around 1400 times larger than our Sun. The overlaid annotation shows how large the star is compared to the Solar System. Betelgeuse would engulf all four terrestrial planets  Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, and even the gas giant Jupiter. Only Saturn would be beyond its surface
The second brightest star in the Orion constellation, Betelgeuse sits on the hunter's shoulder and, if latest findings are correct, could have had a sister star in relatively close proximity.
The theory behind this all comes from the speed at which Betelgeuse is rotating.
Despite its mammoth size, the red supergiant is spinning at 54,000 km/h (33,500 mph), around 150 times faster than it should be.
This artist's impression shows the supergiant star Betelgeuse as it was revealed thanks to different state-of-the-art techniques on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT), which allowed two independent teams of astronomers to obtain the sharpest ever views of the supergiant star Betelgeuse. They show that the star has a vast plume of gas almost as large as our Solar System and a gigantic bubble boiling on its surface. These discoveries provide important clues to help explain how these mammoths shed material at such a tremendous rate.
This artist's impression shows the supergiant star Betelgeuse as it was revealed thanks to different state-of-the-art techniques on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT), which allowed two independent teams of astronomers to obtain the sharpest ever views of the supergiant star Betelgeuse. They show that the star has a vast plume of gas almost as large as our Solar System and a gigantic bubble boiling on its surface. These discoveries provide important clues to help explain how these mammoths shed material at such a tremendous rate.
'We cannot account for the rotation of Betelgeuse' University of Texas astronomer Dr Craig Wheeler, lead author on the new study said.
'It's spinning 150 times faster than any plausible single star just rotating and doing its thing.'
The researchers do have a theory, however, claiming this increased rotation speed could be down to having eaten a neighbouring star that had roughly the same mass as our sun.
The faster rotation of the smaller star is believed to have transferred into Betelgeuse, causing the larger body to speed up.
'Suppose Betelgeuse had a companion when it was first born,' Dr Wheeler said.
'And let's just suppose it is orbiting around Betelgeuse at an orbit about the size that Betelgeuse is now. And then Betelgeuse turns into a red supergiant and absorbs it – swallows it.'
There's further evidence to back up these theories, too.
Following its meal, it's believed Betelgeuse would have let out a sort of cosmic burp, blasting a cloud of debris out into space at around 36,000 km/h (22,400 mph).
A scattering of matter has been found in an area around where this cosmic mass would have ended up.
One of the most studied stars in the sky, due to its size, the 10 million year old star is already nearing the end of its relatively short life.
By comparison our sun is roughly 4.6 billion years old.
Although the red supergiant only has a mass 15 to 25 time that of the sun, as it nears its supernova explosion ending, it has bloated massively.
This picture of the dramatic nebula around the bright red supergiant star Betelgeuse was created from images taken with the VISIR infrared camera on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT). This structure, resembling flames emanating from the star, forms because the behemoth is shedding its material into space. The earlier NACO observations of the plumes are reproduced in the central disc. The small red circle in the middle has a diameter about four and half times that of the Earth's orbit and represents the location of Betelgeuse's visible surface. The black disc corresponds to a very bright part of the image that was masked to allow the fainter nebula to be seen.
This picture of the dramatic nebula around the bright red supergiant star Betelgeuse was created from images taken with the VISIR infrared camera on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT). This structure, resembling flames emanating from the star, forms because the behemoth is shedding its material into space. The earlier NACO observations of the plumes are reproduced in the central disc. The small red circle in the middle has a diameter about four and half times that of the Earth's orbit and represents the location of Betelgeuse's visible surface. The black disc corresponds to a very bright part of the image that was masked to allow the fainter nebula to be seen.
Now, its surface has stretched to more than 860 million miles across, that's about 1,000 times wider than the sun.
To put that into perspective, if you sat it next to our sun, Betelgeuse's surface would reach out past Mars and into the asteroid belt.
Sitting some 640-light years from the sun, Betelgeuse is believed to have cannibalised its sister star around 100,000 year ago. 

The hunt for EXTRA DIMENSIONS begins: ESA approves gravitational wave-chasing spacecraft for 2034 - and it could help us find parallel universes


  • Ripples in the fabric of space and time are called gravitational waves
  • ESA has approved a trio of gravitational wave hunting satellites for 2034
  • The satellites will orbit the sun in a triangular formation while firing lasers
  • Gravitational waves will make tiny changes to the distances between the lasers
  • An extra dimension would change the way gravitational waves stretch space 
  • If these changes can be detected, it could help discover an extra dimension



The existence of parallel universes within an unseen dimension has long been one of the universe's biggest 'what ifs'.
Now the European Space Agency (EA) has approved a mission that will hunt for gravitational waves - mysterious space-time disturbances that could finally prove the existence of extra dimensions.
Physicists think that unknown dimensions could cause ripples through reality by modifying these gravitational waves.
Since gravity is likely to occupy all dimensions that exist, its waves are a promising way to detect unknown dimensions.
Scroll down for video
The LISA mission (artist's impression), now scheduled for 2034, will be made up of three identical satellites separated by 2.5 million km (1.5 million miles) in a triangular formation. The craft will follow Earth in its orbit around the sun while firing lasers between one another
The LISA mission (artist's impression), now scheduled for 2034, will be made up of three identical satellites separated by 2.5 million km (1.5 million miles) in a triangular formation. The craft will follow Earth in its orbit around the sun while firing lasers between one another

GRAVITATIONAL WAVES 

The universe is made up of a 'fabric of space-time'.
This corresponds to Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, published in 1916.
Objects in the universe bend this fabric, and more massive objects bend it more.
Gravitational waves are considered ripples in this fabric.
They can be produced, for instance, when black holes orbit each other or by the merging of galaxies.
Gravitational waves are also thought to have been produced during the Big Bang.
Physicists believe the waves can  offer insights into fundamental physics.
For instance, they could shed light on the idea that, at one point, most or all of the forces of nature were combined into a single force. In search of these waves, ESA has now given its Laser Interferometer Space Antenna mission (LISA) the green light for 2034 after decades of development and delays.
'I think there's a mixture of super-excitement and "at last",' Professor Mark McCaughrean, ESA's senior adviser for science & exploration, told New Scientist.
'We're finally over the starting line – it's great.'
LISA will be made up of three identical satellites, separated by 2.5 million km (1.5 million miles) in a triangular formation, that will follow Earth in its orbit around the sun.
The three craft will beam powerful lasers between one another as they search for ripples in space-time caused by gravitational waves.
The LISA satellites will read how these waves warp space by detecting tiny changes in the distances the laser beams travel.
Gravitational waves are often created by by celestial objects with very strong gravity, such as pairs of merging black holes.
The primary targets for LISA's observations will be merging supermassive black holes, Professor McCaughrean said, in a bid to better understand the powerful celestial bodies.
This is not the first time that scientists have delved into the origins of gravitational waves. 
Earlier this year, researchers suggested that gravitational waves could also be evidence of an unseen, extra dimension.
The LISA satellites (artist's impression) will read how gravitational waves warp space by detecting tiny changes in the distances the laser beams travel
The LISA satellites (artist's impression) will read how gravitational waves warp space by detecting tiny changes in the distances the laser beams travel

THE NEW SPACECRAFT

ESA has now given its Laser Interferometer Space Antenna mission (LISA) the green light after decades of development and delays.
LISA will be made up of three identical satellites orbiting the sun in a wide triangular formation.
The satellites will beam lasers between one another.
The presence of gravitational waves will cause tiny changes to the distances these lasers travel.
An extra dimension would change the way gravitational waves stretch space.
If these changes can be detected, it could help discover an extra dimension. 
While scientists don't yet have the technology to prove this, by 2034 LISA could provide a route to testing ripples in space-time for evidence of parallel universes.
Speaking to New Scientist last month, Gustavo Lucena Gomez, who is leading a study into extra dimensions at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Potsdam, Germany, said: 'If there are extra dimensions in the universe, then gravitational waves can walk along any dimension, even the extra dimensions.'
Gravity is weaker than other fundamental forces, and experts have long wondered whether this is because some of it is escaping into an extra dimension.
The German team set out to calculate how an extra dimension would affect gravitational waves, and found two strange effects – extra waves at high frequencies, and a change in how gravitational waves stretch space.
As gravitational waves move through an extra dimension, the researchers found that they should generate a 'tower' of extra gravitational waves with higher frequencies.
But observatories are currently unable to detect frequencies that high, and instead focus on lower frequency gravitational waves.
Unknown dimensions could cause ripples through reality by modifying gravitational waves - changes in the space-time fabric. Since gravity is likely to occupy all dimensions that exist, its waves are a promising way to detect unknown dimensions (artist's impression)
Unknown dimensions could cause ripples through reality by modifying gravitational waves - changes in the space-time fabric. Since gravity is likely to occupy all dimensions that exist, its waves are a promising way to detect unknown dimensions (artist's impression)
Physicists think that unknown dimensions could cause ripples through reality by modifying gravitational waves - changes in the space-time fabric. These waves can also be triggered by two colliding planets or black holes (artist's impression)
Physicists think that unknown dimensions could cause ripples through reality by modifying gravitational waves - changes in the space-time fabric. These waves can also be triggered by two colliding planets or black holes (artist's impression)
This could make spotting the gravitational wave towers a challenge.
But detecting the change in how gravitational waves stretch space could be easier, according to the researchers.
Dr Lucena Gomez said: 'If extra dimensions are in our universe, this would stretch or shrink space-time in a different way that standard gravitational waves would never do.'
Gravitational waves stretch space as they ripple through the universe a bit like a rubber band – the ellipse gets longer in one direction and shorter in the other, before returning to its original shape.
The targets for LISA's observations will be merging supermassive black holes in a bid to better understand the powerful celestial bodies (artist's impression) but it could eventually be used to test ripples in space time for signs of an extra dimension
The targets for LISA's observations will be merging supermassive black holes in a bid to better understand the powerful celestial bodies (artist's impression) but it could eventually be used to test ripples in space time for signs of an extra dimension
The existence of parallel universes within an unseen dimension has long been one of the universe's biggest 'what ifs' (stock image)
The existence of parallel universes within an unseen dimension has long been one of the universe's biggest 'what ifs' (stock image)
But an extra dimension could add another way for gravitational waves to stretch space, called a breathing mode.
In the same way that lungs expand as you breathe, gravitational waves cause space to expand and contract, in addition to stretching.
Dr Lucena Gomez said: 'With more detectors we will be able to see whether this breathing mode is happening.'
Dr Emilian Dudas, from the Ecole Polytechnique in France told New Scientist: 'Extra dimensions have been discussed for a long time from different points of view.
'Gravitational waves could be a new twist on looking for extra dimensions.'  

HOW WOULD GRAVITATIONAL WAVES AFFECT AN EXTRA DIMENSION? 

Last month, researchers at the Max Planck Institute set out to calculate how extra dimension would affect gravitational waves.
They found two strange effects – extra waves at high frequencies, and a change in how gravitational waves stretch space.
As gravitational waves move through an extra dimension, the researchers found that they should generate a 'tower' of extra gravitational waves with higher frequencies.
But observatories are currently unable to detect frequencies that high, and instead focus on lower frequency gravitational waves.
This could make spotting the gravitational wave towers a challenge.
But detecting the change in how gravitiational waves stretch space could be easier, according to the researchers.
Gravitational waves stretch space as they ripple through the universe a bit like a rubber band – the ellipse gets longer in one direction and shorter in the other, before returning to its original shape.
But an extra dimension could add another way for gravitational waves to stretch space, called a breathing mode.
In the same way that lungs expand as you breathe, gravitational waves cause space to expand and contract, in addition to stretching.
The researchers hope that this breathing space could soon be detected.
ESA's LISA satellite system, now scheduled for 2034, may offer a new way to make the necessary readings.




Russia goes nuclear to the North Pole: Reactor-powered ice-breaker will spearhead race to control Arctic in wake of global warming

  • The craft, which has been named 'Leader', is designed to keep the Northern Sea Route open all year round
  • The plans were unveiled by Dmitry Rogozin, Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
  • It would be capable of ploughing through ice that is two metres (6.6 feet) thick at a speed of 29 kph (18 mph)
  • Leader would allow tankers carrying liquefied natural gas (LNG) weighing up to 300,000 tonnes to pass through the Northern Sea Route in any season



At first glance, you might mistake this design as a spaceship from one of the Star Wars films. 
But the futuristic craft is actually Russia's proposed new nuclear-powered icebreaker.
The ice-breaking craft, which has been named 'Leader', is designed to keep the Northern Sea Route, along the country's Arctic coast, open all year round. 
Scroll down for video 
The ice-breaking craft, which has been named 'Leader', is designed to keep the Northern Sea Route, along the country's Arctic coast, open all year round
The ice-breaking craft, which has been named 'Leader', is designed to keep the Northern Sea Route, along the country's Arctic coast, open all year round

MEET 'LEADER' 

Dmitry Rogozin, Deputy Prime Minister of Russia says that the ship will have a working capacity of 110 megawatts and would be capable of cutting through ice up to 4.5 metres (14.8 feet) deep.
And it would be capable of ploughing through ice that is two metres (6.6 feet) thick at a speed of 29 kph (18 mph).
Leader would allow tankers carrying liquefied natural gas (LNG) weighing up to 300,000 tonnes to pass through the Northern Sea Route in any season.The plans were unveiled by Dmitry Rogozin, Deputy Prime Minister of Russia.  
Mr Rogozin, 52, who has been in charge of Russia's defence industry since 2011, revealed that the revolutionary icebreaker would be called Leader.
It would have a working capacity of 110 megawatts and would be capable of cutting through ice up to 4.5 metres (14.8 feet) deep.
And it would be capable of ploughing through ice that is two metres (6.6 feet) thick at a speed of 29 kph (18 mph).
Leader would allow tankers carrying liquefied natural gas (LNG) weighing up to 300,000 tonnes to pass through the Northern Sea Route in any season.
The project is being developed at the Krylov State Research Centre in Russia's second city of St Petersburg in the north-western part of the country.
Russia’s enormous icebreaker is 586 feet long and more than 100 feet wide, and will be able to break ice up to 10 feet thick, and 13 feet deep.
Russia’s enormous icebreaker is 586 feet long and more than 100 feet wide, and will be able to break ice up to 10 feet thick, and 13 feet deep.
Mr Rogozin said that the goal was to build one main icebreaker ship, and two reserve icebreakers, that would replace those that have been in operation since Soviet times.
The unique construction, which does away with the traditional cross-rib design, would give the new icebreaker the highest manoeuvrability in the world, he added.
The Northern Sea Route lies entirely in Arctic waters, from the Kara Sea, off Siberia, to the Bering Strait. Parts are free of ice for only two months a year.
In June, Russia launched its biggest icebreaker yet, The Arktika, in the hopes of maintaining national defences and navigating the Arctic.  
At first glance, you might mistake the icebreaker craft design as a spaceship from one of the Star Wars films. Pictured is the Millenium Falcon spaceship
At first glance, you might mistake the icebreaker craft design as a spaceship from one of the Star Wars films. Pictured is the Millenium Falcon spaceship
The enormous icebreaker is 178 metres (586 feet) long and more than 40 metres (100 feet) wide, according to Sputnik News, and will be able to break ice up to 10 feet thick, and 13 feet deep.
At its launch, Sergey Kiriyenko, chief executive of Rosatom, said: ‘The Arktika’s launch is a victory in all senses. Today we can say that by the end of 2017, this icebreaker will join Rosatomflot.
'This will open up fundamentally new opportunities in front of our country in terms of maintaining the national defences and year-round navigation in the Arctic and ensuring economic development in a region that is of crucial importance to Russia and the whole world.’ 
It is unclear if the Leader craft will join the Rosatomflot, or when it will be built.  

USA DO NOT NEED PERMANENT BASES IN THE ARCTIC TO CLAIM THE NORTH POLE AS Russia unveils its new Arctic military base housing nuclear-ready warplanes as it seeks to claim the region's huge oil and gas reserves


  • THE US CAN SURROUND THE ARCTIC REGION WITH 100 NUCLEAR ARMED  FLYING AIRCRAFT CARRIERS


  • Russia has unveiled five-storey military base on Alexander Land in the Arctic Ocean's Franz Josef Archipelago
  • The top-secret polar complex, painted in Russia's red, white and blue, can house warplanes and 150 troops
  • Comes as Russia looks to lay claim to region's enormous oil and gas reserves thought to be worth £23trillion



Russia has unveiled a new Arctic military base capable of housing 150 troops as well as nuclear-ready warplanes.
The triangular complex, painted in the red, white and blue of the Russia's tricolor flag, has been built in remote Alexandra Land in the Franz Josef Archipelago.
While parts of the base remain top secret, military chiefs have offered a glimpse at the interior of the building.
It comes as part of Russia's largest Arctic military push since the fall of the Soviet Union and as Moscow moves to lay claim to the region's huge oil and gas reserves - believe to be worth as much as £23trillion.
Russia has unveiled a new Arctic military base (pictured) capable of housing 150 troops as well as nuclear-ready warplanes
The triangular complex, painted in the red, white and blue of the Russia's tricolor flag, has been built in remote Alexandra Land in the Franz Josef Archipelago
The triangular complex, painted in the red, white and blue of the Russia's tricolor flag, has been built in remote Alexandra Land in the Franz Josef Archipelago
While parts of the base remain top secret, military chiefs have offered a glimpse at the interior of the building
While parts of the base remain top secret, military chiefs have offered a glimpse at the interior of the building
Russia's President Vladimir Putin (centre) visited the Nagurskoye military airfield on Alexandra Land Island in late March
Russia's President Vladimir Putin (centre) visited the Nagurskoye military airfield on Alexandra Land Island in late March
The five-storey complex, named Nagursky by Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, is on the extreme north of Russia's Arctic frontier.
It will hold 150 troops able to survive autonomously in subzero conditions for 18 months. 
Officials have said they may deploy military jets there. MiG-31 fighters, designed to shoot down long-range bombers, or the SU-34, a frontline bomber are seen as options, it has been reported.
According to the Moscow Times, it also comes complete with a cinema, table tennis and billiards rooms while a military art studio is also planned. 
Earlier this year it was reported that Moscow is starting to build nuclear icebreakers as it vies for dominance in the polar region with traditional rivals Canada, the United States, and Norway as well as newcomer China.
Russian servicemen in white outfits guard an area at the Nagurskoye military base in Alexandra Land. Moscow is also starting to build nuclear icebreakers as it vies for dominance in the polar region with traditional rivals Canada, the United States, and Norway as well as newcomer China
Russian servicemen in white outfits guard an area at the Nagurskoye military base in Alexandra Land. Moscow is also starting to build nuclear icebreakers as it vies for dominance in the polar region with traditional rivals Canada, the United States, and Norway as well as newcomer China
The military outpost was built as Russia continued to flex its muscles in the Arctic which is believed to hold billions of barrels of oil
The military outpost was built as Russia continued to flex its muscles in the Arctic which is believed to hold billions of barrels of oil
Officials have said they may deploy military jets at the outpost. MiG-31 fighters, designed to shoot down long-range bombers, or the SU-34, are seen as options
Officials have said they may deploy military jets at the outpost. MiG-31 fighters, designed to shoot down long-range bombers, or the SU-34, are seen as options
Interviews with officials and military analysts and reviews of government documents show Russia's military build-up in the Arctic is the biggest since the 1991 Soviet fall
Interviews with officials and military analysts and reviews of government documents show Russia's military build-up in the Arctic is the biggest since the 1991 Soviet fall
Interviews with officials and military analysts and reviews of government documents showed Russia's build-up is the biggest since the 1991 Soviet fall and will, in some areas, give Moscow more military capabilities than the Soviet Union once had.
The expansion has far-reaching financial and geopolitical ramifications. The Arctic is estimated to hold more hydrocarbon reserves than Saudi Arabia - and Moscow is putting down a serious military marker. 
Under President Vladimir Putin, Moscow is rushing to re-open abandoned Soviet military, air and radar bases on remote Arctic islands and to build new ones, as it pushes ahead with a claim to almost half a million square miles of the Arctic.
It regularly releases pictures of its troops training in white fatigues, wielding assault rifles as they zip along on sleighs pulled by reindeer.
The Arctic, the U.S. Geological Survey estimates, holds oil and gas reserves equivalent to 412 billion barrels of oil, about 22 percent of the world's undiscovered oil and gas.
The Arctic, the U.S. Geological Survey estimates, holds oil and gas reserves equivalent to 412 billion barrels of oil, about 22 percent of the world's undiscovered oil and gas
The Arctic, the U.S. Geological Survey estimates, holds oil and gas reserves equivalent to 412 billion barrels of oil, about 22 percent of the world's undiscovered oil and gas
Pictures show the construction of the five-storey base, which has been installed in remote Alexandra Land in the Franz Josef Archipelago
Pictures show the construction of the five-storey base, which has been installed in remote Alexandra Land in the Franz Josef Archipelago
The five-storey complex, named Nagursky by Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, is on the extreme north of Russia's Arctic frontier
The five-storey complex, named Nagursky by Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, is on the extreme north of Russia's Arctic frontier
Officials have said they may deploy military jets at the base. But there is also a small wooden church at the site (pictured)
Officials have said they may deploy military jets at the base. But there is also a small wooden church at the site (pictured)
The facility also comes complete with a cinema, table tennis and billiards rooms while a military art studio is also planned
The facility also comes complete with a cinema, table tennis and billiards rooms while a military art studio is also planned
Low oil prices and Western sanctions imposed over Moscow's actions in Ukraine mean new offshore Arctic projects have for now been mothballed, but the Kremlin is playing a longer game.
It is building three nuclear icebreakers, including the world's largest, to bolster its fleet of around 40 breakers, six of which are nuclear. No other country has a nuclear breaker fleet, used to clear channels for military and civilian ships.
Russia's Northern Fleet, based near Murmansk in the Kola Bay's icy waters, is also due to get its own icebreaker, its first, and two ice-capable corvettes armed with cruise missiles.
'Under (Soviet leader Mikhail) Gorbachev and (Russian President Boris) Yeltsin, our Arctic border areas were stripped bare,' said Professor Pavel Makarevich, a member of the Russian Geographical Society. 'Now they are being restored.'
As well as the military base, Russia is building three nuclear icebreakers, including the world's largest, to bolster its fleet of around 40 breakers, six of which are nuclear
As well as the military base, Russia is building three nuclear icebreakers, including the world's largest, to bolster its fleet of around 40 breakers, six of which are nuclear
The complex is part of a huge Russian military build-up in the Arctic. Russia's Northern Fleet, based near Murmansk in the Kola Bay's icy waters, is also due to get its own icebreaker, its first, and two ice-capable corvettes armed with cruise missiles
The complex is part of a huge Russian military build-up in the Arctic. Russia's Northern Fleet, based near Murmansk in the Kola Bay's icy waters, is also due to get its own icebreaker, its first, and two ice-capable corvettes armed with cruise missiles
Russian servicemen guard an area at the Nagurskoye military base in Alexandra Land on the remote Arctic islands of Franz Josef Land in late March
Russian servicemen guard an area at the Nagurskoye military base in Alexandra Land on the remote Arctic islands of Franz Josef Land in late March
The Russian Defense Ministry has offered a rare glimpse at the military complex. Vladimir Putin visited the area late last month
The Russian Defense Ministry has offered a rare glimpse at the military complex. Vladimir Putin visited the area late last month

US 'sends two more aircraft carriers to Korean Peninsula' after Trump warns that Kim Jong-un has 'got to behave'

  • US has already sent USS Carl Vinson steaming towards the Korean Peninsula
  • Reports claim USS Ronald Reagan and USS Nimitz also sailing to Sea of Japan
  • Comes as Donald Trump warned North Korean dictator Kim Jong-un to 'behave' 



The US is sending two more aircraft carriers towards the Korean Peninsula, it has been claimed.
Donald Trump has already dispatched the USS Carl Vinson, powered by nuclear reactors, carrying almost 100 aircraft and accompanied by destroyers, a cruiser, and a submarine to the region.
Reports in South Korea claim the US President is bolstering the deployment by sending the USS Ronald Reagan and the USS Nimitz to the Sea of Japan next week.
It comes as Trump warned North Korea that it needs to keep its nuclear ambitions in check, telling dictator Kim Jong-un he has 'got to behave'.
The US is sending two more aircraft carriers, including the USS Nimitz (pictured), towards the Korean Peninsula, it has been claimed
The US is sending two more aircraft carriers, including the USS Nimitz (pictured), towards the Korean Peninsula, it has been claimed
Reports in South Korea claim the US President is bolstering the deployment by sending the USS Ronald Reagan (pictured) and the USS Nimitz to the Sea of Japan next week
Reports in South Korea claim the US President is bolstering the deployment by sending the USS Ronald Reagan (pictured) and the USS Nimitz to the Sea of Japan next week
US President Donald Trump (pictured) has warned North Korea that it needs to keep its nuclear ambitions in check, telling dictator Kim Jong-un he has 'got to behave'
US President Donald Trump has warned North Korea that it needs to keep its nuclear ambitions in check, telling dictator Kim Jong-un (pictured) he has 'got to behave'
US President Donald Trump (left) has warned North Korea that it needs to keep its nuclear ambitions in check, telling dictator Kim Jong-un (right) he has 'got to behave'
USS Ronald Reagan is currently stationed in Yokosuka, Japan, according to Yonhap News Agency while the USS Nimitz is undergoing 'final pre-deployment assessment' off Oregon.
Like the USS Carl Vinson, both vessels are more than 1,000ft long, and capable of carrying more than 90 aircraft.
News of their possible deployment comes days after North Korea staged a huge military parade as part of a day of celebrations to mark the 105th anniversary of the birth of the country's founder Kim Il Sung.
There are fears Pyongyang is preparing to carry out a sixth nuclear test. 
This morning, US Vice President Mike Pence assured Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe Tuesday that America is ready to work closely with its Asian allies in the region to achieve 'a peaceable resolution and the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.'
'We appreciate the challenging times in which the people of Japan live with increasing provocations from across the Sea of Japan,' Pence said after arriving from Seoul for talks with Abe. 

USS RONALD REAGAN

Length: 1,092ft
Aircraft: 90 fixed wing and helicopters
Speed: 30+ knots
Weight: 103,000 tons 
Crew: 5,680
Home port: Yokosuka, Japan
Commissioned: July 2003 USS NIMITZ 
Length: 1,092ft
Aircraft: 90 fixed wing and helicopters
Speed: 31.5 knots
Weight: 101,600 tons 
Crew: 5,680
Home port: Kitsap, Washington
Commissioned: May 1975 
Donald Trump has already dispatched the giant USS Carl Vinson, powered by nuclear reactors, carrying almost 100 aircraft and accompanied by destroyers, a cruiser, and a submarine to the region. It is pictured (right) on Friday in the Indian Ocean alongside USS Michael Murphy (left) and USS Lake Champlain (centre)
Donald Trump has already dispatched the giant USS Carl Vinson, powered by nuclear reactors, carrying almost 100 aircraft and accompanied by destroyers, a cruiser, and a submarine to the region. It is pictured (right) on Friday in the Indian Ocean alongside USS Michael Murphy (left) and USS Lake Champlain (centre)
'We are with you 100 percent,' the visiting vice president said. President Donald Trump earlier warned that North Korean President Jong Un has 'gotta behave.'
At the outset of their meeting, Pence reiterated to Abe his statement in South Korea that the United States has run out of patience with Pyongyang's moves.
'While all options are on the table,' Pence said, 'President Trump is determined to work closely with Japan, with South Korea, with all our allies in the region, and with China' to resolve the problem.
'We seek peace always as a country, as does Japan, but as you know and the United States knows, peace comes through strength and we will stand strongly with Japan and strongly with our allies for a peace and security in this region,' Pence added.
Abe said: 'It goes without saying that it is a matter of paramount importance for us to seek diplomatic efforts as well peaceable settlements of the issue.'

USS CARL VINSON 

Length: 1,092ft
Aircraft: 90 fixed wing and helicopters
Speed: 30+ knots
Weight: 102,900 tons
Crew: 6,062
Home port: NAS North Island San Diego, California
Commissioned: March 1982 'But at the same time,' the prime minister said, 'dialogue for the sake of dialogue is valueless and it is necessary for us to exercise pressure North Korea so that it comes forward and engages in this serious dialogue.'
Trump, in Washington, and Pence at the tense Demilitarized Zone between North and South Korea earlier, have signalled a forceful U.S. stance on North Korea's recent actions and threats. But no one was predicting what might come next.
Behind the heated rhetoric, in fact, Trump's strategy in the region looks somewhat similar to predecessor Barack Obama's - albeit with the added unpredictability of a new president who has shown he's willing to use force.
Pence on Monday had travelled to the tense zone dividing North and South Korea, where he warned North Korea's leaders that after years of testing the U.S. and South Korea with its nuclear ambitions, 'the era of strategic patience is over.'
The unannounced visit at the start of his 10-day trip to Asia was a U.S. show of force that allowed the vice president to gaze at North Korean soldiers from afar and stare directly across a border marked by razor wire. 
As the brown bomber jacket-clad vice president was briefed near the military demarcation line, two North Korean soldiers watched from a short distance away, one taking multiple photographs of the American visitor.
Pence told reporters near the Demilitarized Zone on Monday that Trump was hopeful China would use its 'extraordinary levers' to pressure the North to abandon its weapons program, a day after the North's failed missile test launch. 
Vice President Mike Pence said in South Korea that America's era of 'strategic patience' with Pyongyang has come to an end
Vice President Mike Pence said in South Korea that America's era of 'strategic patience' with Pyongyang has come to an end
A huge military parade took place in Pyongyang on Saturday to mark the 105th anniversary of the birth of the country's founder Kim Il Sung
A huge military parade took place in Pyongyang on Saturday to mark the 105th anniversary of the birth of the country's founder Kim Il Sung
There are fears Kim Jong-un is planning to carry out a sixth nuclear test. Pictures show a North Korean KN-08 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile during the military parade on Saturday
There are fears Kim Jong-un is planning to carry out a sixth nuclear test. Pictures show a North Korean KN-08 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile during the military parade on Saturday

North Korea reveals unidentified rocket in Day of the Sun parade

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But Pence expressed impatience with the unwillingness of the regime to move toward ridding itself of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles.
In Moscow, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov told reporters he hopes 'there will be no unilateral actions like those we saw recently in Syria and that the U.S. will follow the line that President Trump repeatedly voiced during the election campaign.'
For its part, China made a plea for a return to negotiations. Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang said tensions need to be eased on the Korean Peninsula to bring the escalating dispute there to a peaceful resolution. 
Lu said Beijing wants to resume the multi-party negotiations that ended in stalemate in 2009 and suggested that U.S. plans to deploy a missile defence system in South Korea were damaging its relations with China.
Pence's Asia tour came amid increasing tensions and heated rhetoric on the Korean Peninsula. 
While the North did not conduct a nuclear test, the spectre of a potential test and an escalated U.S. response has trailed Pence as he undertakes his Asian tour.